Brake mechanism



March 23, 1937. D L GALLUP 2,074,724

BRAKE MECHANI SM Filed May 26, 1951 si f? 77 f@ www L. GALLu-P BY 20% ARNEE".

Patented Mar. 23, 1937 UNITED STATES y'PATIJN'I OFFICE BRAKE MECHANISM David L. Gallup, South Bend, Ind., assignor to Bendix Brake Company, South Bend, Ind., a

-corporation of Illinois Application May 2 6, 1931, Serial No. 540,103

28 Claims. f (Cl. 188-181) 'I'his invention relates to power transmission mechanism, and more particularly to such mechanism used in the brake structure of automotive vehicles.

.i In the conventional power operated brak mechanism for the heavier automotive structures such as busses and trucks, the servo motor or power actuator is usually controlled by means of a manually operated valve. The valve struc- 0 ture is furthermore such that both the inception of operation and the degree of operation of the actuator are functions of the relation of the manually operable valve control means to the remaining structures. In other words, the entire control of the power means for operating the brake structure is dependent upon the opy l actuation, which will serve when and if the deceleration 4reaches a predetermined maximum to fect of the power operation of the driven mechanlsm, thereby eliminating the human element in the control of 'thevalvular mechanism during the cut-in phase of the operation. Itis afurther object of the invention to provide a mechanism whose operation is solely a function of the deceleration of the vehicle, and in one embodiment there is provided an inertia means adapted to actuate an auxiliary or; sec- 0 ondary valve in circuit with the source of power to control the degree of power output.

Other objects of theinvention and desirable details of construction will become apparent from `the following description of one illustrated em- .'bodim'ent shown in the accompanying drawing,

,i in which: .f Figure 1 isa diagrammatic view of a power ,brake mechanism for an automotive vehicle em- ,.bodying my novel auxiliary cut-out;

` Figure Zdiscloses in section the primary valve `mechanism adapted to be manually operated to control the actuator of Figure 1;

Figure 3 discloses in detail one form of cut-out valve embodying the features of my invention; and

either cutout entirely or at least reduce the efi Figure iV discloses a second form of auxiliary valve similar in operation to the valve of Figure 3.

There is disclosed in Figure 1, a conventional brake mechanism for an automotive vehicle comprising, briefly, power transmission linkage comprising cross shafts I0 and I2 connected by arms i4 to rods I6 connected to the road wheel front and rear brakes i8A and 20, respectively. The aforementioned linkage is adapted to be driven 'either manually from a brake operating pedal 22 connected by links 24` and 26 to arm 28 on .shaft I0 or by power from piston 30 of a power actuator or servo motor 32 throughlink 34 to the shaft I0.

The servo motor', which is preferably energized through the intermediary of the vacuum derived from the intake manifold of the engine, is controlled by a valve mechanism comprising, briefly,

. a disk valve 36 connected to link 24 to be actuated by the pedal. 'Ihe valve .disk member 36 is adapted to contact a second exible disk valve member 3B normally spaced from member 36 in brake of! position.

Actuation of the pedal Vserves to rst clamp disk 36 against disk 38 to close olf the air vent through ports 40 and 42, and further movement of disk 36 distorts member 38 and places conduit 44 in circuit with the motor conduit 46 to energize the motor and apply the brakes. The time at which the piston begins to move as well as the degree of air evacuation, with the consequent degree of power output, are both dependent upon the position of the service pedal 22 in its arc of throw; this for the reason that the degree of relative movement in the valve parts determinesv when the valve is cracked, and forthe further reason that the degree of power output is controlled by4 holding the pedal stationary during the act of applying the brakes, the piston 30 following up under the action of the atmosphere to close off the vacuum by means of link 26 actuating valve casing part 48-torabut` disk valve member 38 and thus hold the brakes applied with a given force. This action is known as a "follow up movement to lap the valve. f

The operator of a vehicle may, however, inadvertently fail to control `the degree of power application of the brakes by subconsciously or consciously failing to stop the movement of the service pedal and thus prevent the 'aforementioned follow up action. With the high energy capacity of the conventional power actuator as the result of the pumping action of the cylinders of the engine, this failure of manual control inevitably results in too greata load or power output upon the brakes with(y the consequent high deceleration of the vehicle'. The deceleration is in fact a progressively increasing one with the 5 valve so operated and the consequent progressive load increase from the servo motor.

It often happens that such an inadvertent deceleration without warning to the other occupants of the vehicle results in their being violently thrown against the windshield or the forward portion of the rear seat compartment.

To the end that such untoward operation of the vehicle may be `obviated there is suggested the interposition of an auxiliary control or cutout valvein circuit with the conduit connecting the intake manifold with the main`control valve of the actuator. In that embodiment of the valve disclosed in detail in Figure 3 there is provided a casing 50 rigidly mounted to a portion of the chassis such as a cross member 52, Figure 1. A cylindrical weight or inertia member 54 is keyed or otherwise rigidly secured to a shaft 56, theA latter being slidably journaled in bearings 58 in the end plates of the valve casing.

The inertia member 54 is normally held to the right of the casing as disclosed in Figure 3, by means of a spring 60 acting on a disk thrust member 62 secured to the shaft 56, the member y62 forcing a disk valve or diaphragm member 64 out of engagement with an annular flange 66 forming an integral part of the valve casing and constituting a seat for the valve member 64.

In operation, should the operator apply the brakes too severely or move the pedal continu- 35 ously to the floor board, the resultant deceleration, if equal to or exceeding a predetermined maximum, will serve to move the weight 54 and its connected parts to the left in Figure 3, this by virtue of the inertia of the parts. 'I'he movement of the member 54 first permits the flexed disk 64 to seat on the flange 66 to cut-off the vacuum port 68 from communication with port 'l0 connected to the actuator; this serves to cutoff the vacuum source which at the time is evacuating the air from the left side of the actuator and applying the brakes. 'I'he brakes are then held as applied, the pull from the motor remaining a constant. i

The driver, after the automatic cut-off of the vacuum, involuntarily continues to move, or at least try to move, the pedal but the sudden increase in feel due to the reaction from the brake rigging serves to warn him of the operation of the cut-off valve and suffices to obviate further direct inadvertent manual actuation of the brakes.

With the brake applying force a constant, it

follows that the deceleration is a constant, which factors are predetermined by the setting of the cut-oil valve parts, the mass of the moving parts and the resistance of the spring being the adjustable variables to determine the desired maximum deceleration. The spring 60 may be of such a resistance as to permit the continued movement of the inertia mass to the left after the disk valve is seated. In this event, the power actuator is entirely cut out, air being admitted to the left side of the actuator by openings 12 in the valve casing. openings 14 in the disk valve 64, thence through the control valve and conduit 46 to the actuator. rI'he entire load or draft of the brakes is then suddenly imposed upon the drivers foot at the pedal and unless he instantly compensates for this load by increasing the manual pressure the brakes are released. 'The aforementioned cut-off or lapping action of the valve is, however, preferred to the cut-out operation last described.

In the design shown in Figure 4 an irregular shaped inertia member 18 is pivotally mounted on a pin 80 secured to the valve casing, and when the deceleration equals or exceeds a predetermined maximum the member i8 rocks on the pin as a pendulum overcoming the resistance of spring 82 and a damping liquid 84 to actuate a valve controlling member 86, either permitting the disk valve 88 to seat on the flange 90 to maintain the degree of servo motor load or entirely cut out the power actuation by venting the latter to atmosphere by ports 92 and 94, the operation being similar to the embodiment disclosed in Figure 3. It will be noted' that the valvular cut-out of Figure 4 opens in both directions of vehicle` movement.

There is thus provided a very simple,` economical, and effective governor mechanism for servo motor actuating mechanism which automatically limits the degree of power actuation of' the driven mechanism to a predetermined maximum, thereby reducing the hazard of inadvertent overcontrol.

While two illustrative embodiments of my invention have been described in detail, it is not my intention to limit its scope to those particular embodiments or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A braking system for an automotive vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine and an intake manifold, in combination. with brakes, valve means, a manually operable member for controlling said valve, a servo motor and connections between said manifold, valve and motor providing an air circuit, an auxiliary valve member in circuit with said aforementioned 'connections, said valve member comprising a casing secured to the chassis of the vehicle and afloating inertia member, stationary except when the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a certain predetermined value, movable within the'casing at -a predetermined deceleration of the vehicle to interrupt said circuit and thereby automatically control th'e energization of said motor and its load on the brakes.

2. A braking system for an automotive vehicle comprising, in combination with a brake structure, a servo motor for operating said brake structure, valve mechanism for controlling said motor, a manually operable member connected to a part of said valve mechanism, other parts of said valve mechanism being connected by linkage with the aforementioned brake structure whereby said valve mechanism functions as a tension element in the connection between said manually operable member and the brake structure after the relative movement between said valve parts is effected to actuate the valve structure, together with means for automatically cutstructure, togetherwith an independent and self contained governor controlled valve unit4 mount- -ed on the vehicle '.body for automatically controlling the energization of' the servo motor, the

5. actuation of. said Acontrol valve means being solely\ a function'ofthe degree -oidec'eleration of the vehicle 'body' and* operating independently -of changes in,` the .speed of rotation oi the driving wheels, and together withalsource .of uid pres- .may attimesbe connected with said servo-motor meansthrough saidcontrol valve means but which-is automatically cut oftfrom said. servoe motor means' -by said control valve means whenv celeration of the vehicle;

4. Abraking system foran automotive vehicle including a vehicle body comprising in combination with a brake structure, servo motor means 20 having an operatingv valve for operating said brake structure together with adindependent and self contained governor controlled .valve unit mounted' inthel vehicle body fior automatically controlling the energilzationiof the servo motor,` zdtheractuation of .said control valve means .be-

ing solely a -functionof the degree of deceleration of the vehicle body and operating independently of changes in th'e speed ofrotation -of the driving wheelsand together 'with a source of 30 fluid pressure different from atmospheric pressure which may at timeslbe connected' with said servo motor means through said 'control valve meansbut which is automatically'ct oiiivrom `said servo`motor 'meansby said control valve meanswhen the control valve means is actuated bythe :deceleration of the vehicle., a conduit conf-1 vneeting said source .of fluid .pressure diierent *from .atmospheric pressure with .said governor controlled valve, aconduit corinecting said gov 40 ernor controlledval've means with'said operatin'gvalve, an'd a conduit connedtin'g. said ope-r ating valve with said -servo motor means. n i

5. A braking system f or an. automotive vehicle l including a' vehicle 'body comprising -in combi- 45 nation with a brake structure, Y servo motor means having an operating valve for operating said brakestructure together "w'ith`an independent and selfl contained governor controlled valve unit mounted on the'vehicle body.. for auoatomatically' controlling the, energization of the.'

servo motor, the actuation of said control valve means beingsolely'a function of the degree of.

-deceleration of the vehicle 'body and operating independently of changes in the lspeed of rota-` 55 tion oir-,the driving wheels, and together with a [sourcefoi fluid pressure different from atmos-l phericfpressure `and a lpassageway lconnecting.

entialntotherother said valve Vis maintained open. om; 6.,;A Abraking;,Sl/'Stem foran automotive vehi- A. cle'icomprising a ;foot;.pedal. ,a `brake structure, a :iiuidtpressure.servcfmotor yfor operating said brake:Lstructure;` :ai-icontrol-.lvalve Vmechanism. `for l A1controllingjfsaidf motor,- anol fmeans comprising l75'2a secondvalvemechanism forfvlimiting the oper'- sure diierent from latmospheric pressure whichy `structure whereby said brake the controlvalve means 'is actuated by the deating power supplied by said motor `automatically to a predetermined effective factor dependent upon the degree of deceleration of the vehicle, and for allowing the increase of the operating power supplied by said motor automatically when the deceleration decreases, said control Valve mechanism having relatively movable parts, one of which is connected to said pedal and the other of which is connected to said brake structure may be operated manually.

' 7. A braking system for an automotive vehicle comprising a brake structure, a iluid pres- 'sure servo motor `for operating said brake structure, a 'control valve mechanism for controlling 'said motor, means comprising a second valve ,-'mechanism forlimiting the operating power supplied by said motor automatically to a predetermined effective factor dependent upon the degree of deceleration of the vehicle and for allowing the increase of the operating power supplied by said motor automatically whenthe de- -celeration decreases, a source of uid pressure .different from atmospheric pressure, a conduit connecting said source with said second valve mechanism, a conduit connecting said second valve mechanism with the'control valve mechamsm, and a conduit connecting the control .valve mechanism with the fluid pressure servo motor. 8. A braking system for an automotive vehicle comprising aA brake structure, a iluid pressure A servo motor for operating said brake structure, a

'control valve mechanism for controlling said motor, a source' of fluid pressure diierent from A atmospheric pressure, means providing communication at times between said source of press',ure' different from atmospheric pressure and said control valvemechanism. said means including a second lvalve mechanism for limiting the operating power supplied by said motor automatically to a predetermined eiective factor dependent upon the degree of deceleration of the4 vehicle and ior allowing the increase of the op eratingwpower supplied by said motorautoniatically when the deceleration decreases, and means for actuating said second valve mechanism so thatupon'lacceleration of 'the' vehicle the valve is 'held to 'open the communication between said source of pressure different from atmospheric pressure andthe control valve mechanism, and so that the actuation of said 'second valve is solely aiunctiono the degree of deceleration ci the vehicle bodyl and operates independently or changes inthe speed of rotation of `.the driving wheels. o Y,

, 9. A brakingsystem'for an automotivevehicle comprising a brake structure, a brake pedal, 'at-servo motor, a valve mechanism having relatively movable parts one oi?` which is connected to said pedalandtheother of which is connected'to n said brake bstructurerfor` operating `said l brake structurermanually-for: controllingsaid motor, and meansautomatically operable when the -rate of deceleration reaches a predetermined constantA 65. lfor' maintaining thel thenexisting power loadingy of thebrake structura-,said-meansincluding an inertia controlled governor.

comprising a brake structure; a servo'motur; a

10. A braking` system yfor an automotive vehicle motor; a source of uidpressuredifferent' from atmospheric pressure means automatically oper'-` v `able when lthe rate of deceleration reaches a pre-V determined constant for maintaining the then diiierent from atmospheric pressure; and meansv automatically operable when the rate of deceleration reaches a predetermined constant for maintaining the then existing power loading of the brake structure, said means including a secondary valve mechanism which secondary valve mechanism is effective at times to connect said source to said primary valve mechanism, and is effective at other times to connect said primary valve mechanism with the atmosphere, and effective at other times to disconnect said primary valve mechanism from both the atmosphere and said source, and means comprising an inertia controlled governor for actuating said secondary valve mechanism solely as a'function of the degree of deceleration of the vehicle body and operating therefor independently of changes in the speed of rotation of the driving wheels.

12. A braking system Ai'or an automotive vehicle comprising a brake structure; a servo motor; a primary valve mechanism for controlling said motor;-a source of uid pressure different from atmospheric pressure; means providing at times a communication between said source of pressure different from atmospheric pressure' and said primary valve, and means automatically 40 operable whenthe rate of deceleration reaches a .predetermined Yconstant for maintaining the then existing power loading oi' the brake structure, said means includingan inertia Acontrolled governor, a secondary valve mechanism arranged so that acceleration of the vehicle holds open thev communication between said source of pressure diierentials and the primary valve, and the actuation oi said secondary valve mechanism beingsolely a function of degree oi' deceleration of the vehicle body and operating independently of changes in the speed of rotation of the driving wheels. I

13. A braking system for an automotive vehicle comprising a brake structure; a pedal;a

source of uid under pressure diiIerent from atmospheric pressure; a servo motor; a primary valve mechanism for controlling said motor having relatively movable parts'one of which is connected to said pedal and the other oi.' which is connected to said brake structure whereby said brake structure may be actuated manually; and means automatically operable when the rate 'of deceleration reaches a predetermined constant for maintaining the then existing power loading ofl the brake structure. said means including an inertia controlled governorI and a secondary valve `controlled thereby and movable from a position in which the servo motor is actuated by uid under pressure dierent from atmospheric .7o pressure from said source to apply pressure to the brakes, through a position in which a portion of the iiuid under pressure different from atmospheric .pressure is trapped, to a position which the trapped i'iuid is vented.

14. A braking system for an automotive vohicle comprising a brake structure; a pedal; a source of iiuld under a pressure different from atmospheric pressure; a servo motor; a primary valve mechanism for controlling said motor; means automatically operable when the rate of deceleration reaches a predetermined constant for maintaining the then existing powerloading of the brakestructure, said means including an inertia'controlled governor, and a secondary valve controlled thereby and movable from a position in which the motor is actuated by uids under pressure different from atmospheric pressure to apply pressure to the brakes, through a position in which one of the fluids under pressure different from atmospheric pressure is trapped, to a position in which the trapped iiuid is vented;

.a conduit connecting said source with said secnicatlon between said source of iiuid pressure different from atmospheric and said controlling valve mechanism and means automatically operablewhen the rate of deceleration reaches a predetermined constant for maintaining the then existing power loading of the brake structure', said means including an inertia controlled governor, and a valve included in said communication means and controlled by said governor and actuated solely as a function oi'- the degree of deceleration oi' the vehicle body and operating independently of changes in the speed of rotation of the driving wheels, so that it is movable from a 'position inwhich the motor is actuated by iiuids under differential pressure to apply pressure to the brakes. through a position in ,which some of the fluid under pressure different from atmospheric pressure is trapped, toa position in which the trapped fluid is vented, said governor controlled valve being arranged so that 'acceleration of the vehicle holds open the communication between said source of fluid pressure diderent `from atmospheric pressure and the controlling valve mechanism.

16. A braking systemv for an automotive vehicle comprising a brake structure, a brake pedal, a servo motor, a valve mechanism for controlling said motor and provided with relatively movable parts, one of which is connected to said pedal and the other of which is connected to said brake structureffor operating said brake structure manually,I and means automatically operable when the rate of deceleration reaches a prede-` cle comprising a brake structure; a brake pedal; a servo moto a primary valve mechanism for controlling said motor; means automatically operable when the rate ofdcceleration reaches a `predetermined constant for maintaining the then existing power loading of the brake structure, said means including a secondary valve mechthe primary valve mechanism; andl a conduit connecting the primary lvalve mechanism with the servo motor.

18. A braking system for an automotive vehicle comprising a brake structure; a brake pedal; a servo motor; a primary valve mechanism for controlling said motor; a source of fluid pressure different from atmospheric pressure; means providing a communication between said source of structure, said means including "an inertia controlled governor comprising a weighted member mounted in aligned guides for movement longitudinally of the vehicle and controlled by the rate of change of velocity, and a secondary valve mechanism which 'is included in said communication means and which is arranged so that lacceleration of the vehicle holds open the communication between said source of fluid pressure diiferentfrom atmospheric pressure and the primary `valve mechanism, and which is actuated solely as a function of the degree `of deceleration ofthe vehicle body and operates independently of changes jin the speed of rotation of the driving wheels. i t s 19. A braking system comprising a brake struc-r ture, a foot pedal, asource of uid pressure different from atmospheric pressure, a servo motor yfor i operating said vbrake structure, a primary valve means having relatively movable parts one of which is connected to said pedal andthe otherl of which is connected to said brake structure for operating said brake structure manually and for controlling the power braking by a followup actionv for controlling the operation of said motor, a secondary valve means operable to close communication between said source of uid pressure different from,` atmospheric pressure and said servo y,motor but held in position usually to allow said source of fluid pressure di'erent `from atmospheric pressure-to `be connected tosaid servo motor to permit' the application of braking pressure under the control of said primary valve means for controlling said motor, and a weight activated by 'any changes in the rate oi velocity of the vehicle above arpredetermined'factor of` acceleration or deceleration for controlling said secondary valve means to close said communication.

20. A braking system comprising a brake stru ,ture, a servo motor for operating said brake structure, a source of fluid pressure different froml atmospheric pressure, a primary valve means for controlling the operation of said moy tor'and operable to close communication between a weight activated by any changes in the rate of velocity o1' the vehicle above a predetermined factor of acceleration or deceleration for controlling said secondary valve means to close said communication, a conduit connecting said source with said secondary valve mechanism, aI conduit connecting said secondary valve means with the primary valve means, and a conduitv connecting the primary valve means with the uid pressure servo motor` 21. A braking system comprising a brake structure, a servo motor for operating said brake structure, a source of fluid pressure different from atmospheric pressure, a primary valve vmeans for controlling the operation of said motor, means providing a communication between said source of fluid pressure diilerent from at- -mospheric pressure and said primary valve including a secondary valve means for controlling said motor, means providing a-communication between said primary valve and said servo motor, and a weight activated by any changes in the rate of velocity of the vehicle above a predetermined factor of acceleration or deceleration for controlling said secondary means, said secondary valve means lcomprising a valve operable to close communication between said source of uid pressure different from atmospheric pressure and said servo motor but held in a position to allow said source of uid pressure different from atmospheric` pressure to be connected to said servo motor to permit theapplication of braking pressure under the control of said pri--A mary means except when said Weight is activated,

and being arranged so that acceleration of the.

said sourcefof pressure different from atmospheric pressure and the primary valve, and so ythat the secondary valvemeansis actuated solely asa function of the degree of deceleration of the' vehicle c body.I and is operatedvindependently of changesin the speed `o"r`rotatio nof the'driving wheels.

22. A braking ture, a fluid pressure motor .for `operating :said` l brake structure, a sourceof fluid pressure `,diiier-g ,1

ent from atmospheric pressure, a pair of valves for controlling the operationof said motor, each movable from `a position connecting saidsource with said motor through` apositionfin .whichsaid-p c, l connection-is cut olf-to apositioninwhichxsaid motor is 'connected iwith the atmosphere,= a pair system` comprising afbrake struc-i f 45a of 'relatively movable parts 4, in f one of Avsaid x-valvess` i means for controlling said valve by the operator including a pedal connected to one of said relatively movable parts, means for controlling the other v'of the valves by inertia, and means for i connecting the other oi* said relatively movable `ent from atmospheric pressure, a pair of valves for controlling the operation of said motor, each movable from a position connecting said source `v'vith said motor through a position in which said connection is'cut off to a position in which said motor is connected with the atmosphere, means 'for controlling one of said valves by the operator, means for controlling the other of the valves by inertia, a conduit connecting said source with one said valve, a conduit connecting said other valve with said first valve, and a conduit conlfluid pressureservo motor.

necting sala nrst valve mechanism` with the 124.' A braking.systemfcomprising a brake structure, a-,fluid pressure motor fpr operatingmsaid e brake structure, a source of iluid pressure different from atmospheric pressure, a primaryvalve fand a secondary valve for controlling the operationvcf'l said motor; each movable from a position connecting "said source with said motor through -a position in which said connection is out oil to a position in which said motor is con- 'nected Iwith the atmosphere, means providing a communication `between s said source o1! .iluid pressure motor.' and a'. connection between the primary and-secondary valves, means for conpressurediil'erent from latmoslzsheric and said primary `.val-ve including a connection between said source'and saidsecondary' va1ve,.a connection between said primaryy valve and said iluid trolling said primary valve byfthe operator, and

' meansfor controlling the' secondary valve by inertia, said'secondary valve being arranged so that acceleration of the -vehicle holds open the communication between said source of pressure `different fromatmospheric pressure and the primary valve', sothat ity isi actuated solely as-a ,f.unction ofthedegree of deceleration of fthe vel.fiicle body and -operates independently oi changes in the speed of rotation of the driving4 wheels.'

25.,A .braking system torganl automotive ve' hicle providedwith an internalcombustion en-v gine and an intakel manifold comprising brakes,

"' v'alve means, a manually operable member for controlling said valve means, a servomotor and iluidconnections between said manifold,4 valve ,means and motor providing a iluid path, an auxiliary valve member in saidaforementioned cong A neetions, said valve membercomprising a casing its actuation of. the brakes.

secured tothe chassisbofthe vehicle, and an inertia member stationary except when the Vac-v celeration or deceleration -of the vehiclev exceeds a certain predetermined value but. movable rela-` ,tive to the casing within the casing at a pre'-,

determined decelerationlof the Avehicle .to l, interrupt said iluid path and to; thereby automatically control the energizationgof motor and 26. A brskm' system comprising wheel4 brakes,

a uid pressuremotor for actuating said brakes,

connections between said motor' and said brakes,

a source of fluid pressure' dinerent'trcm atmos'- phericpressure, 'fluid com'iections -between said source -and said motor, arvalve arranged to be agovepae' manually operated for controlling said motor interposedin'said connections, manual means for operating said valve, and an inertia controlled valve also interposed in said connections and positioned therein between said manually controlled valve and said source, said inertia controlled -valve being effective upon predetermined I deceleration of said vehicle to limit the supply y ent from atmospheric pressure, a connection between said source of fluid pressure. different from atmospheric', pressure and said motor, and a primary valve and a secondary valve interposed in said connection, said secondary valve being controlled by inertia to shut oil? said connection l whenever the deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a certain predetermined amount. the primary valve comprising movable parts, one of which is connected to said manually operating member land the other of whichis connected to said brake operating parts, whereby movement of said manually operated member opens said primary valve to actate said motor and movement of said brake operating parts by said motor toward the applied position operates said primary valve to f cut off said connection. y

l28. A braking system comprising wheel brakes, a uid pressure motor for operating said brakes, a source of iluid pressure dierent from atmos- 'pheria for actuating said motor, connections between 'said motor 'and said brakes, a valve for controlling said motoractuated solely as a func- L tion of the degree of deceleration ot the vehicle body and .operated independently of changes in the speeduof rotation of the driving wheels, in-

ertia means for controlling said valve comprising a weight movable to close of! the connection betweensaid source of iluid pressure dinerent.

from atmospheric and said motor when the de- L celeration exceeds a certain predetermined value,

spring means for holding said inertia member in position to allow said valve to connect said source with` said motor when 'said -vehicle is standing still, is'being accelerated, or is being deoelerated at less than the predetermined rate. j DAVIDL. GALLUP. 

